Maternal and perinatal outcome of Ramadan fasting in women with gestational diabetes

Maternal and perinatal outcome
of Ramadan fasting in women with
gestational diabetes

Saba Abdullah¹, Shumaila²,
Saba Mughal³, Mahwish Samuel⁴, Nazli Hossain⁵

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare maternal and perinatal outcome of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy in women with/without gestational diabetes.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit 1 Ruth PKM Civil Hospital & Dow Medical College and Holy Family Hospital, Karachi during 1st April to 31st July, 2022. In this study normoglycemic pregnant women and those identified as gestational diabetes(n=52) on oral glucose tolerance test, who fasted during Ramadan were included. Women, on diet control or diet plus metformin were included in the study. Study questionnaire included demographic details, days of fasting, self-reported hypoglycemic episodes. Maternal outcomes included preterm birth, pregnancy induced hypertension. Perinatal outcome included hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, weight of placenta, and apgar score.

Result: Eighty two women were included in the study, gestational diabetes (n=57) and normoglycemic (n=25). Average days of fasting were 16 ±9.0 days (range 5-30). Women with GDM were older (28.6 vs. 26.0 years, p-value=0.034), had raised levels of HbA1c (5.5 vs. 5.1, p-value=0.004), mean FBS (102.8 vs. 84.6 mg/dl, p-value <0.001), mean RBS (135.3 vs. 106.4 mg/dl, p-value <0.001) and had higher BMI at delivery (31.0 vs. 26.6 kg/m2, p-value=0.004). HbA1c (p-value=0.016) and head circumference of baby (p-value=0.038) were found lower in the group who fasted for more than 20 days among normoglycemic pregnant women. No other maternal and neonatal outcomes were found to be significantly affected by Ramadan fasting among pregnant women with/without GDM.

Conclusion: Gestational diabetes do not affect maternal and perinatal outcome among pregnant women.

KEYWORDS: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy, Normoglycemia.

How to cite this: Abdullah S, Shumaila, Mughal S, Samuel M, Hossain N. Maternal and perinatal outcome of Ramadan fasting in women with gestational diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):323-329. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7332

Reprinted from Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2023;39(2):323-329. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7332